Monday, July 21, 2014 - A Three Legged Stool

A Three Legged Stool

by Sinclair Noe

DOW – 48 = 17,051
SPX – 4 = 1973
NAS – 7 = 4424
10 YR YLD - .01 = 2.47%
OIL + 1.46 = 104.59
GOLD + 1.30 = 1313.20
SILV + .04 = 21.03

First leg:

Let’s start with earnings reporting season, which kicks into full gear this week with 140 of the S&P 500 companies posting results.

Netflix reported a profit of $71 million, or $1.15 a share, on revenue of $1.34 billion. This was in line with expectations, but for Netflix, an important component is how fast they are adding subscribers; turns out – pretty fast; 1.69 million new net streamers in the second quarter; 570,000 in the US and 1.12 million international subscribers; now topping 50 million worldwide.

Allergan, the Botox company, posted better than expected 2Q profits and sales but also announced it is cutting 1,500 jobs in a restructuring.  BB&T, the southeastern financial company, posted weak 2Q results as mortgage activity lagged; this has been a theme among banks for the second quarter, but the bigger banks have been compensating with profits in investment banking and trading; smaller, regional banks find it harder to compete in that arena. Chipotle Mexican Grill, theme park operator Six Flags, oilfield services company Halliburton, Manpower Group, and chip-maker Texas Instruments all reported better than expected results.

Tomorrow we’ll get the earnings report from McDonalds; after the close we’ll get earnings from Microsoft and Apple. Wednesday’s results include Facebook. Thursday we’ll hear from General Motors and Amazon.com.

So far, earnings season has been strong, of the S&P 500 companies that reported through the end of last week, earnings are up 7.6% from the same period last year on 4.2% higher revenues, with 65.9% beating EPS estimates and 68.2% coming out with better than expected revenue. This is better performance than we have seen at this stage in other recent reporting cycles. The +7.6% earnings growth at this stage in Q2 compares to an earnings decline of -3% for the same group of companies in Q1 On the revenue side, the +4.2% growth thus far compares to growth rates of +1.7% and +3% in Q1. The earnings and revenue beat ratios for these companies are similarly tracking better relative to Q1.

Second leg:

Israel and Hamas continue to battle in the Gaza Strip and Russian separatists continue to impede Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 investigation efforts. President Obama delivered a statement this morning on the geopolitical hotspots. Secretary of State John Kerry was dispatched to Cairo to discuss cease-fire negotiations with international officials. Though Obama cited Israel’s “right to defend itself” against Hamas missile strikes that now number in the thousands, he said he has instructed Kerry to prioritize de-escalation.

Obama said investigation efforts into what caused the crash of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 have been impeded by pro-Russian separatists, who have assumed control of the crash site and have begun removing evidence. “Unfortunately, the Russian-backed separatists continue to block the investigation,” Obama said of the militants. “All of which begs the question, what exactly are they trying to hide?” Obama said responsibility lies with the Russian government, and Russian President Vladimir Putin, to convince the separatists to cooperate with an international investigation.

A train carrying the remains of most of the almost 300 victims of the Malaysia Airlines plane downed over Ukraine left the site on Monday, after the Malaysian Prime Minister reached a deal with the leader of pro-Russian separatists controlling the area. The aircraft's black boxes, which could hold information about the crash in rebel-held eastern Ukraine, will be given to the Malaysian authorities.

At the United Nations, the Security Council unanimously adopted a resolution demanding those responsible "be held to account and that all states cooperate fully with efforts to establish accountability". It also demanded that armed groups allow "safe, secure, full and unrestricted access" to the crash site. It will be difficult to use the forensic evidence at the site to determine exactly what happened, but it is becoming increasingly obvious the plane was shot down with Russian weaponry.

Clearly Putin did not want nearly 300 civilians to die, but it happened and it probably happened because of things he set in motion. If Russia is even loosely tied to the destruction of the passenger plane, even if it was an accident, the incident could represent another escalation of Russian aggression and mark a major turning point in how Russia is perceived around the world.

British Prime Minister David Cameron will urge other European leaders to consider imposing tougher sanctions Russian oil, gas, defense, and banking sectors at an EU meeting tomorrow. However, EU diplomats made clear today that sectoral sanctions would still be extremely difficult for some of Europe's poorer nations. They are especially nervous about the energy sector, central to the Russian economy, but also to the European Union.

EU nations rely on Russia for about 30% of their gas demand and have intertwined interests based on decades of energy reliance. Russia exports around $60 billion a year in gas and the Netherlands was Russia's biggest export destination last year, mostly oil and metals. Energy sanctions would most likely derail the fragile European recovery in general and might even lead to a complete economic collapse in certain member states. Many Eurozone countries see sanctions as collective economic suicide that helps no one. What they should see is that dependence on imported fossil fuels has made them economically weak and subservient. As long as the Eurozone relies on Russian gas to heat their homes in the winter, Putin can get away with murder.

Third leg:

Financial markets have been largely whistling past geopolitical hotspots, with just the occasional jittery pullback. The simple fact is that the Federal Reserve and all other global central banks have been providing the markets with unusually accommodative monetary policy; which is to say, the central banks have been throwing easy money at the markets. And there is growing concern that the continuation of this “unconventional” and “extraordinary” state of affairs involves an entirely new set of risks.

Clearly the Fed would like to do what it can to prevent bubbles from forming while they hold off on raising rates; it’s a delicate balancing act. If the Fed raises rates too soon, it risks a downturn in the economy, just as the Fed expects the economy is ready for liftoff. If the Fed continues with its easy money policies it risks the chance of bubbles; already Fed Chair Janet Yellen has acknowledged pockets of overvaluation. Last week, during Humphrey Hawkins testimony of Capitol Hill, Yellen singled out social media stocks and biotechs.

What does Yellen know about social media and biotech valuations? Probably not a great amount, but that doesn’t devalue her perspective; there may be some kind of asset bubble taking shape in at least some corners of the financial market. And don’t think Yellen just tossed out the overvaluation comment in a flippant or offhand manner. She is well aware of Alan Greenspan’s notorious remarks about “irrational exuberance”. This was a chance for Yellen to jawbone the markets. The very fact that she’s doing so means that she probably sees good reason for speaking out.

Yellen knows she is walking a very narrow line as she tries to guide monetary policy back toward some kind of “new normal” for the first time since the 2008 financial crisis. Yellen seemed to be saying that if small corners of the market over-inflate and pop, well tough luck; it won’t change the Fed’s path toward escape velocity. You might want to buckle your seat belts and get ready for a bumpy ride.

One reason for the overvaluation has been that the Fed has pumped up markets to such a point where it has been a bad trade to try to fight the Fed, and this has removed normal checks on overvaluation. Under normal market conditions, short sellers provide the right amount of pessimism to temper the optimism that leads to a wildly overvalued stock market. Short positions help keep companies with weak earnings potential and bad management from riding the bull market herd mentality to unjustifiably high share prices. But this market is far from normal. The stock market has climbed to fresh new highs, not today, but the Dow has hit record highs 15 times this year, even with geopolitical hotspots and negative first quarter GDP.

Short sellers are in retreat. It’s hard to fight the Fed and a bull market. The proportion of shares in short positions is at its lowest level since before the collapse of Lehman Brothers, with short interest on the S&P 500 index hovering around 2%.

Shorting a stock involves borrowing it from a broker at one price with the promise to return those shares after a certain period of time. The short seller will then sell the borrowed shares, and if the stock price goes down, they can buy them back, return them to the broker, and pocket the difference. When shorting, the risk is that the price goes up and you have to buy back the shares at a higher price. Shorting can be a good way to make big money fast. If a stock drops 50%, the short seller stands to make 100% on the trade; and when a stock starts to fall, it can fall fast.

Some traders like to look at the charts for short targets, and that is important; you never want to short a stock that is in a strong uptrend; you want to wait for it to turn over. You can also look at the fundamentals, and earnings season is a great time to look for really high price to earnings ratios, heavy debt burdens, downward guidance, or anything else that might raise a red flag. It’s good to remember shorting, especially if one of the three legs starts to wobble.

Tuesday, July 15, 2014 - The Path We're On

The Path We’re On
by Sinclair Noe

DOW + 5 = 17,060
SPX – 3 = 1973
NAS – 24 = 4416
10 YR YLD + .01 = 2.54%
OIL - .74 = 100.17
GOLD – 13.20 = 1294.60
SILV - .19 = 20.82

We’ll start with a couple of quick economic reports.

The Commerce Department reports retail sales increased 0.2% in June. The sales figures from May were revised from a 0.3% increase to a 0.5% increase. The increase in June was below consensus expectations of a 0.6% increase; however sales in April and May were revised higher, so it all levels out and was fairly strong report. Sales were up 4.3% year to year.

The Empire State Manufacturing Survey for July was up 6 points to 25.6, a four year high.

The state of California released its monthly cash report for June; the state’s General Fund ended the fiscal year with a positive cash balance for the first time since 2007, so the state won’t have to borrow to meet all of its payment obligations.

Federal Reserve chairwoman Janet Yellen delivered her semiannual Humphrey Hawkins testimony before the Senate Banking Committee today. Tomorrow, Yellen will repeat the process with the House. Yellen said progress has been made to restore the economy to health and strengthen the financial system, yet too many Americans remain unemployed and inflation remains below targets and there hasn’t been enough financial reform.

After prepared remarks, Yellen fielded questions from the senators, and this is where it gets a little interesting. Yellen said, “equity valuations of smaller firms as well as social media and biotechnology firms appear to be stretched.” Some folks felt this was an “irrational exuberance” moment for Yellen. Social media and biotech stocks declined immediately after her comments. Yellen has a good reputation on forecasting. Back in 2006, when she was president of the San Francisco Fed, she gave a speech pushing back against former Fed Chair Alan Greenspan’s claim, with respect to the housing crisis, that the “worst of this may well be over.” Greenspan was wrong, Yellen was right, or at least not as bad as Greenspan.

Yellen said the Fed is still concerned about the housing market: “While this sector has recovered notably from its earlier trough, housing activity leveled off in the wake of last year’s increase in mortgage rates, and readings this year have, overall, continued to be disappointing.”

The housing market slowed last year when mortgage rates spiked on the possibility of taper. Yellen said that while the rise in rates is “the most obvious explanation for the weakness in the housing market over the past year,” it “seems unlikely that interest rates are the whole story.”

Yellen says the Fed is keeping a close watch on what it sees as potentially excessive risk-taking in the market for leveraged loans, but downplayed the possibility that its policies of ultra-low interest rates could be fueling asset bubbles. Still, there are some areas of financial markets, such as lower rated corporate debt, that are showing looser underwriting standards. Yellen and her Fed colleagues seem generally unfazed by concerns of bubbles and she said in testimony that the prices of real estate, stocks and corporate bonds “remain generally in line with historical norms.”

Yellen said most officials expect rates to start rising in 2015 and to finish the year around 1%. “That gives you a feeling for what participants thought would be appropriate given their projections in June,” she said. “What will actually happen clearly is going to depend on the progress the economy makes.”

Yellen seems pleased with the trajectory of the economy; investors seem complacent. She reiterated the Fed’s view that the economy will continue to grow at a moderate pace, and that the Fed is in no hurry to start increasing short-term interest rates.

All in all, Yellen’s testimony didn’t reveal much new. The Fed has been telegraphing this information for some time. The idea is that they can float information, and if the trial balloon gets shot down, they aren’t stuck in actual policy; if the trial balloon is accepted they can slowly implement the policy. It’s called forward guidance, and it seems to be working. The problem with forward guidance is that the Fed doesn’t know the future, and so they keep the guidance a little on the vague side, and then everybody fills in the blanks based upon their own particular bias.

It is earnings season and a couple of the big banks posted today.

JPMorgan reported a profit of $6 billion, or $1.46 a share, down from $6.5 billion, or $1.60 a share, a year earlier. Goldman Sachs posted net income of $2.04 billion, compared with year-earlier net income of $1.93 billion. Both banks saw share prices move higher after the reports.

These earnings came during a quarter in which fixed-income trading and mortgage refinancing were weak; so in that regard, the banks performed well. More likely the banks managed earnings expectations.

Johnson & Johnson reported higher-than-expected quarterly results on strong sales of its new hepatitis C drug. J&J said it had earned $4.33 billion, or $1.51 per share, in the second quarter. That compared with $3.83 billion, or $1.33 per share, a year earlier. They also raised guidance for the full year.

Intel posted better than expected Q2 revenue and profit; then they raised their Q3 revenue forecast well ahead of expectations; then they announced they would increase their share repurchase program. Intel posted a profit of $2.8 billion, or 55 cents a share, from a year-earlier profit of $2 billion, or 39 cents a share. Gross margin widened to 64.5%, compared with 59.6% in the first quarter. Intel still makes most of its profits from chips for computers; they’re still trying to get into the mobile market, but this past quarter they made more than a half billion in profits making chips for the internet of things, which is basically the idea that all of our mundane possessions will eventually be connected devices.

A study by the International Data Corporation calculates the internet of things market will grow to $7.1 trillion in the next 5 years. More than 1.9 billion once-inert devices are already connected to the internet, from parking meters to home thermostats, and by 2018 that number will top 9 billion.

The Federal Communications Commission website has crashed. Today is the last day to submit comments on the FCC’s proposal to regulate the internet. The proposal at issue would allow internet providers to charge content companies for more direct connections to their customers. These so-called “fast lanes” have sparked a vehement reaction from internet activists, who claim that the new policy could turn the web into a plutocracy where companies that are willing to shell out cash receive premium treatment. As of last week, the FCC had received almost 650,000 comments, mostly in favor of net neutrality; which is another way of saying no toll booths on the information superhighway.

Real highways are another matter. This afternoon the US House approved an $11 billion plan to replenish the federal fund for highway and mass transportation projects, but just through next May. Passage of the bill only puts off a larger debate over raising taxes to pay for long-term infrastructure financing. This was a stop-gap measure, as federal funds were 2 weeks from drying up which would have resulted in work stoppages during the peak of the summer roadwork season.

The Department of Transportation has said that without an agreement in Congress, federal payments to states will begin to slow by the end of the month. Also, the existing two-year law authorizing about $50 billion in highway and transit funding annually expires on Sept. 30; and with it the ability of the government to levy the 18.4-cent-per-gallon gas tax that finances the work.

Longer term plans have been dragged down by disagreements on how to fund projects. The short-term proposal signed today, raises money through an accounting gimmick called pension smoothing, which allows for a delay in the payments that corporations make to their pension funds resulting in a higher corporate tax bill. It’s a temporary, inadequate response to a long-term problem, better than nothing, even if it doesn’t do what it needs to do; which seems to describe everything in Congress these days.

The road ahead may be full of potholes, but on the road of life, most people think the ride will be smooth. A new survey conducted by the National Council on Aging, Untied Healthcare and USA Today finds that older adults are pretty optimistic; 89% say they’re confident they can maintain a higher quality of life through their senior years. On the financial front, 45% of the older group surveyed said they wished they had saved more money; almost one-third (31%) said they wished they had made better investments. The new survey finds more financial optimism than last year, but still almost half (49%) of the 60-and-older respondents say they're concerned that their savings and income will be sufficient to last the rest of their lives. In 2013, 53% expressed that concern.

So what is behind the optimism? The reasons vary, but support of family and friends is at the top, followed by being happy about their living situation, and being in good health.

There seems to be something to the good health part of the optimism equation. The medical journal JAMA released a study today showing people are having fewer strokes and dying less often in the wake of strokes. It’s still a big problem, striking 800,000 people a year and killing 130,000, but the numbers are down.

Another study released this week says better heart health and more education means the onset of Alzheimer’s begins later in life now than 30 years ago in developed nations. One trial in Finland suggested the body can be conditioned to hold off mental decline with gym exercising, good food choices and cognitive training.

It is good to have an end to journey towards, but it is the journey that matters in the end.

Monday, April 07, 2014 - I Don’t Know, They Don’t Know

I Don’t Know, They Don’t Know

by Sinclair Noe

DOW – 166 = 16,245
SPX – 20 = 1845
NAS – 47 = 4079
10 YR YLD - .03 = 2.69%
OIL - .44 = 100.70
GOLD – 5.40 = 1297.90
SILV - .09 = 19.97

The biggest 3 day drop in the markets in about 2 months. All of the sudden we start hearing the Wall Street stock peddlers waxing enthusiastic about the prospects for a correction or a crash or whatever will scare you. Fear sells; with talk about a 1987-like stock market crash, geopolitical unrest in Ukraine and the risk of a debt crisis in China, investors are starting to get jittery. I don’t know, they don’t know.

The big pullback so far has been in the Nasdaq, and especially biotech stocks. As always, you want an exit plan in place before you ever get into a trade; and if you don’t have an exit plan, get one now. You don’t make money by letting profits slip through your fingers.

Earnings season gets underway this week. Expectations have been ratcheted down; at the start of the year, S&P 500 companies were projected to have grown earnings at 6.5%, now that estimate has slipped to 1.2%. We could see companies beat diminished expectations and start a fresh rally or miss expectations and the markets could get a bit ugly. The simple rule of thumb is that when the trailing P/E ratios hit 10, the S&P 500 is likely undervalued; when the P/E hits 20, the market is likely overvalued and that means the market is vulnerable to pullback. Guess where we are on the scale? Does that mean that stock prices are about to roll over and play dead? Not necessarily. All we have to do is add some earnings to the P/E ratio and …

The S&P 500 recently, as in last week, tested highs, even though fewer than 10% of its components were making new highs individually. Despite the fact that the S&P touched new high territory last week, the average stock in the big index is actually down 7%. Then, you can look at volume; down on up days; up on down days, like today. Toss in the presidential election cycle, toss in the old but true idea of “sell in May”, and there are plenty of reasons for caution.

The past couple of years have been easy; buy the dips; buy good names with momentum and ride that pony to profits. Easy. But easy doesn’t last forever. The momentum names look like they’re rolling over. Investors are rolling over into safer sectors. We’ve gone nearly 2 years without a correction of at least 10%, so it just seems like we’re due. So, while there may be value to be found, this does not seem like a good time to load up when high flyers dip. They may bounce back, but they don’t have to; there is no law that requires a bounce. When a momentum play turns, it tends to turn fast and furious.

This continues to be a tale of two markets. While the high flyers stall, the safety of bonds has been drawing bids, and yields have dipped over the past few days, despite the Fed's clear intention to pull back on Quantitative Easing and bond buying. The utility sector has been outperforming, which might be a signal of future volatility. Emerging markets have seen inflows; maybe this is the idea that the US has been the cleanest dirty shirt in the hamper, but the other shirts aren’t ready to be scrapped; call it a reversion to the mean.

Maybe it’s just time to pause and ask why US stocks have priced in so much optimism. Job growth continues but it is not robust and it is not enough to propel the economy to escape velocity; the taper is underway; fiscal policy remains a mess and there is little hope for stimulus from DC.

Corporate America is sitting on a mountain of cash, somewhere between $1.6 and $1.9 trillion, but it’s offshore; they’re afraid to touch it because they might have to pay tax. They could bring that money back home and put it to work, but that would require innovation and sweat and labor. Much of corporate leadership is short-sighted and lazy, and besides, the offshore cash is still good enough to secure a bonus.

One of the key signs of a true recovery is sufficient business confidence to start investing more into their own operations. Many companies have shied away from investing in the future growth of their companies. Too many companies have cut capital expenditure and even increased debt to boost dividends and increase share buybacks. If you’re waiting for capital expenditures to revive the economy, don’t hold your breath.

Larry Fink is the CEO of Blackrock, the largest money manager, he says: “Companies only have a finite amount of cash to invest. Whatever gets spent on buybacks and dividends is that much less available to be spent on investments in employees, research and development, and capital expenditure. It's basic arithmetic. When will the next round of capital investment begin in earnest? As soon as you figure out the answer to that question, you will have gained significant insight into the direction of the economy as well as the next phase of this stock-market rally.”

Meanwhile, let’s look at banks behaving badly. Private banking is a staple of the Swiss economy and for decades, as wealthy Americans concealed their assets through clandestine accounts, US regulators turned a blind eye.

In 2011, federal prosecutors indicted 7 Credit Suisse bankers for abetting tax evasion, but the investigation into Credit Suisse dragged on. The quirks of international law prolonged the inquiry, requiring Swiss courts to review Credit Suisse documents before releasing them to the Justice Department. Ultimately, the Justice Department gained access to many of the documents and interviewed bank employees.

And by the time the Senate subcommittee convened its hearing in February, the Justice Department was closing in on a case. Bracing for a settlement, the bank announced last week that it had set aside roughly $528 million for legal expenses. In addition to the Justice Department investigation, Credit Suisse paid $200 million to settle a case with the SEC in February. In a separate matter, in late March the bank agreed to an $885 million settlement to resolve claims that it sold questionable loans to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Apparently a slap on the wrist and a fine haven’t served as a deterrent.

Now, Benjamin Lawsky, New York State’s top financial regulator, has requested documents from Credit Suisse and is expected to demand additional records this week to try to determine if Credit Suisse lied to New York authorities about engineering tax shelters. In the Senate subcommittee hearings in February, Credit Suisse executives apologized for the misconduct and they also argued that the problems stopped in 2008 and were contained to a few low-level rogue bankers. The bank, which said it voluntarily adopted a number of controls against tax evasion, reported that there was no evidence that executive management knew of the problems.

Lawsky has also petitioned a Senate subcommittee for internal Credit Suisse documents.  The subcommittee questioned bank executives at a hearing in February, and produced a scathing report exposing “a classic case of bank secrecy.” In late March, the Senate agreed to release the internal Credit Suisse documents.

The escalating Credit Suisse probe, along with some recent shifts in international law, might also provide momentum to the government’s uneven effort to collect taxes and punish the banks involved. Typically the punishment has been a fine and a slap on the wrist, but that has drawn scrutiny from politicians lately, and so maybe this will be something more.

Meanwhile, federal authorities have opened a criminal investigation into a recent $400 million fraud involving Citigroup’s Mexican unit, one of a handful of government inquiries looming over Citi.

The investigation, overseen by the FBI and prosecutors from the United States attorney’s office in Manhattan, is focusing in part on whether holes in the bank’s internal controls contributed to the fraud in Mexico. The question for investigators is whether Citigroup ignored warning signs, as other banks have been accused of doing in the context of money laundering.

Federal prosecutors in Massachusetts have sent subpoenas to Citigroup, to examine whether the bank lacked proper safeguards against clients laundering money. Citi also faces a parallel civil investigation from the SEC. And it was just 2 weeks ago that Citi fell short in the Federal Reserve’s stress test. The Fed rejected Citi’s plan to increase its dividend based upon questions about the reliability of Citi’s financial projections.

And that brings us to the tale of Kenneth Lewis, the former chief of Bank of America. Back in 2008, as the global financial meltdown imploded, Bank of America rushed in to acquire Merrill Lynch. Lewis called it the “strategic opportunity of a lifetime” and he said the Fed did not pressure him into the deal. He later admitted he lied. Merrill Lynch was bleeding cash while paying huge bonuses. Bank of America required 2 bailouts from Treasury plus extraordinary lending from the Fed. It is a crime to knowingly deceive shareholders about the financial condition of your company.

Bank of America has paid several fines related to cases brought by various regulators, and there is still an outstanding suit, but the case of Kenneth Lewis wrapped up last week. Mr. Lewis agreed to pay $10 million, which was provided by Bank of America. He is barred from being an executive or director of a public company, but he already retired with a sizeable golden parachute. He did not have to admit or deny wrongdoing.